EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON MUSCLS

 

                 Effect of exercise on muscular systems

Physical exercise or training, particularly weight training, affects our muscular system to a great extent. Many parameter of muscular system get changed after weight training or endurance training

HYPERTROPHY OF MUSCLES

an increase in thickness or size of individual muscle fiber is called hypertrophy of muscle. Two types of hypertrophy can occur: transient and chronic. Transient hypertrophy is the pumping of the muscle that happens during a single exercise bout. This is mainly due to the accumulation of fluid (edema) in the muscle.

 Transient hypertrophy last only for a short time. The fluid return to the blood within hours after exercise.

Chronic hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle size that occurs with long term weight training.

GAINS IN STRENGTH AND MUSCULAR ENDURANCE USUALLY DEPEND ON THE SIZE OF MUSCLE FIBRE. THE WEIGHT TRAINING CAUSES THE FOLLOWING EFFECTS: -

• Total amount of protein increases, which is essential for muscle growth.
• Due to resistance/weight training the size of muscle fiber increases.
• Capillary density per fiber also increases which cause more energy production.
• Amount of connective tissues increases.
• Blood supply in the muscles increases.
• Due to hypertrophy, muscular strength and muscular endurance increases
• Biochemical changes in the muscles

AEROBIC CHANGES (DUE TO ENDURANCE TRAINING):-

• Myoglobin content increases. Myoglobin is an oxygen binding pigment found in muscle tissue which acts as an oxygen store and helps in diffusion of oxygen.
• Oxidation (breakdown) of fat and carbohydrates increases
• Number of mitochondria also increases thus more muscular energy is produced.
• Levels of activity of concentration of enzymes increases. enzymes are protein compound that speed up chemical reactions in the muscles.
• Amount of glycogen stores increases as a result of endurance training. It is essential for energy production.

An increase in the number of capillaries surrounding each muscle fiber. Capillary allows greater exchange of gases, heat, wastes and nutrients.

ANAEROBIC CHANGES (DUE TO WEIGHT OR SPRINT TRAINING):-

• ATP-PC system capacity increases as a result more energy is produced.ATP-PC system is an anaerobic energy system in which ATP is manufactured when PC is breakdown.
• Glycolytic capacity also increases as a result of training.
• Capillary density per fiber also increases.
• Blood supply in the muscle increases.

BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES:- 

For most individuals weight training produces little or no changes in total body weight but the body composition changes considerably.

There can be significant losses of relative and absolute body fat.

• Fat free weight or muscle mass increases.
• Changes in muscle and joint motion also take place.
• After training flexibility increases.
• After endurance training fat tissues losses.